security

How SD-WAN Simplifies Network Management

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The rapid evolution of technology has redefined how businesses manage their networks. Traditional WAN architectures, expensive and complex, face increasing demands for flexibility and agility. Organizations are seeking solutions that improve performance and optimize operational efficiency. Software-Defined Wide Area Networking (SD-WAN) provide robust management capabilities that far exceed those of conventional WANs. By leveraging centralized […]

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From Firmware to Firewalls: A Secure Approach for Embedded Systems in Electronics

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Embedded system is a critical component that acts as the heart of today’s electronics and spans to industries such as healthcare, car manufacturing, and factories. This underlines the growing role of embedded software in the global market, their value in 2023 was USD 16.77 billion, and their CAGR for the years 2024-2030 is 9.1%. However,

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How to calculate hash MD5-SHA1-SHA-256-CRC32 in Windows Linux Mac and online

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What they are  Hash are used in computer science to map a string (a sequence of bits) of arbitrary length into a string of predefined length.  It is a sort of ‘signature’ of an electronic document. For each string you can calculate a hash, so each different string will have different hashes.  However, calculating the

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How the Windows password works and why when we type a wrong one it takes more time to login

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It may have happened that you entered the wrong password on Windows (XP/7/8/10…) and noticed that the computer took longer to retry the input field.  Many will have wondered why when you enter the correct password the PC recognizes it immediately, while it remains in a sort of semi-stall otherwise.   Some may have thought that

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Phishing brought to extreme levels exploiting punycode – How it works, how it to prevent and be sure of websites through SSL

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Punycode is an encoding system that serves to represent a sequence of unicode characters via an ASCII character sequence, to make it possible to use these sequences in domain names, without having to modify existing infrastructure and standards.  In this way you can manage internationalized domain names (IDNA) by adding the characters ‘xn–‘ to the beginning of the punycode string.  For example, by entering xn–google.com as address, we

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Public IP address and DDNS: what it is, how to check and set it to reach devices in LAN from WAN

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A computer or any device, when connected to a network (LAN), is identified by an IP address assigned by the router.  This address is usually in the form 192.168.X.Y and it is released by the router’s DHCP to identify the various devices connected to it.   However, since the router itself is connected to the Internet

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